Batu Khan
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Batu Khan oder auch Batu der Prächtige war als Sohn Dschötschis und Enkel Dschingis Khans ein mongolischer Teilherrscher. Als solcher war Batu der Khan über die von ihm gegründeten Goldene Horde. Batu Khan oder auch Batu der Prächtige (mongolisch ᠪᠠᠲᠣ Bat chaan, tatarisch Бату хан, * ; † ) war als Sohn Dschötschis und Enkel Dschingis. Mit mongolischer Invasion der Rus (russisch Монгольское нашествие на Русь, auch russisch Наше́ствие Баты́я „Batu Invasion“) wird die Unterwerfung der russischen Fürstentümer (Rus) durch die Truppen Batu Khans in den Jahren. Mongolen. Roman einer Weltherrschaft Dschingis-Khan. Batu-Khan. Zum letzten Meer: service-finder.eu: Jan, Wassili G: Libros en idiomas extranjeros. R.:Batu khan. Artikel-Nr.: Produkt jetzt als Erster bewerten. 19,90 €. »Werft Euch nieder vor dem großen Batu-Khan!«, rief Timdal voller Angst. William wollte gerade nachgeben, um Streit zu vermeiden, doch der Moloch winkte. BATU KHAN - Dschingiz Khan's Enkel Er war der Gründer der goldenen Horde (Altın Orda) und war dessen erster Herrscher ().

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Batu Khan Tatar Bozqurt Softcover x mm Sprache: de gr Einbände etwas berieben und bestossen. Warenkorb einsehen. Weitere Informationen zu diesem Verkäufer Verkäufer Jenke Wilmsdorff 5. Historischer Roman aus dem Dreizehnten Jahrhundert. Aus dem Russischen. Keine Einträge, Anstreichungen oder Joy Stream German. In der zweiten Phase führte er in die südwestliche Rus und war durch die Zerstörung von TschernigowPerejaslaw und zuletzt Kiew gekennzeichnet. The latter only replied that he would make a good falconer, for he understood birds very well. Inwhen Mongka finally became great khan, Batu received from him a recognition of complete autonomy. Next they devastated the principalities of Ryazan and Suzdal inand marched further into Russia. His conversion resulted in the Blue Horde becoming primarily Muslim, Grabgeflüster there were still animists and Buddhists among them. Also in Byron Langley was a raid against Bulgaria and Byzantine Thrace. Views Read Edit View history. Baud, Benjamim. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Danylo of Halych summoned to Batu and diplomatically made obeisance to the Mongols. Upon receiving news of the death of Great Khan Ugedey Ö gödeihowever, Batu decided to return to the east and withdrew his armies to the Volga River, subjugating Bulgaria, Wallachia, Moldavia, and the Cuman khanate in the Pontic steppes along the Tatortreiniger Stream Staffel 5 The Mongols withdrew in late spring ofas the Princes of the blood, and Subutai, were recalled to Karakorum where the kurultai was held. II, p. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. During the absence of Batu, the Mongols who were left behind put to death Mstislav, The Conjuring 2 prince of Rylskin Kievan Rus'. Sorkhokhtani Beki had made a smart bet. Batu Khan. According to Casa De Papel Streaming of Rubruck and a Muslim chronicle, one of Batu's brothers murdered or poisoned the Great Khan Güyük Hell Girls Batu then killed the imperial envoy, though this account is not completely confirmed by other major sources.
Upon receiving news of the death of Great Khan Ugedey Ö gödei , however, Batu decided to return to the east and withdrew his armies to the Volga River, subjugating Bulgaria, Wallachia, Moldavia, and the Cuman khanate in the Pontic steppes along the way In , when Mongka finally became great khan, Batu received from him a recognition of complete autonomy.
At first brutal and irreconcilable in his treatment of the conquered lands, Batu grew tolerant and accommodating with age, allowing local native princes to rule their lands at their will as long as they remained loyal to him and regularly paid him the tribute collected among their subjects.
He died in , but his empire survived until the end of the 15th century. Although quite controversial, it surpasses the earlier work of Jeremiah Curtin, The Mongols in Russia Home Biography Batu Khan.
The actual command of the army, however, was given to Subutai , one of the most talented generals of the Mongol Empire. Batu Khan then turned his attention to the Russian principalities.
Ryazan fell in , followed by Vladimir-Suzdal. Golden Horde raid at Ryazan. Public Domain Batu and his army took Ryazan in The Mongol army was then split into smaller units, so as to attack the various principalities simultaneously.
The only principalities not destroyed by the Mongols were Smolensk which had submitted to them , Novgorod, and Pskov both of which were beyond the reach of the Mongols at that time.
In the summer of , the Crimea and the southern Ukrainian steppes had fallen to the Mongols. In December of the same year, Kyiv was sacked.
The Russian princes were now vassals of the Golden horde. For this campaign, the Mongol army was split into three groups. The second group crossed the Carpathians, whilst the third group journeyed along the Danube.
Battle of Mohi between Hungarians and Mongols. As Batu Khan and his generals were preparing to conquer the rest of Europe, news arrived from Mongolia that Ogedei Khan had died at the end of A kurultai was to be held in order to select a new Great Khan, so the Mongol princes were called back to Karakorum.
As a consequence, Batu Khan and the Mongol army withdrew from Europe during the spring of Guyuk was elected as the new Great Khan.
Due to the bad blood between him and Batu Khan, however, it was impossible for the latter to continue the campaign against Europe. When Guyuk was succeeded by his cousin, Mongke, in , Batu Khan began to plan new campaigns against Europe, but Batu Khan died in before the campaigns could commence.
Batu Khan. Medieval Chinese drawing. Top image: A statue of Batu Khan in Turkey. Enkhzul, New World Encyclopedia, Golden Horde.
Szczepanski, K. What Was the Golden Horde?. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, I am a university student doing a BA degree in Archaeology.
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BATU KHAN TURAN (TATAR)Three days later the city was taken and burnt to the ground. The royal family perished in the fire, while the grand prince hastily retreated northward.
Crossing the Volga , he mustered a new army, which was totally exterminated by the Mongols on the Sit' River on 4 March. The most difficult to take was the small town of Kozelsk , whose boy-prince Titus and inhabitants resisted the Mongols for seven weeks.
As the story goes, at the news of Mongol approach, the city of Kitezh was submerged in a lake with all its inhabitants, where it may be seen to this day.
Khadan and Buri stormed the city in three days after they joined Batu. The only major cities to escape destruction were Smolensk , which submitted to the Mongols and agreed to pay tribute, and Novgorod with Pskov , which could not be reached by the Mongols on account of considerable distance and the intervening marshlands.
When Batu drank a cup of wine before the others at the victory banquet, Buri complained of the unfairness of Batu receiving such a vast and fertile steppe, and the Mongol army, along with Güyük and others, ridiculed Batu as an "old woman with beard".
They then left the banquet. Batu sent an envoy to his uncle Ögedei to complain of his cousins' rude behavior. Ögedei got angry on hearing the news and recalled Buri and Güyük.
According to some sources, Buri, who was sent to his grandfather Chagatai, never returned to join the Mongol conquest of Europe; Güyük returned to the Russian steppe after his father Ögedei harshly criticized him.
In the summer of , Batu Khan devastated the Crimea and pacified Mordovia and the Kipchak-controlled steppe.
In the winter of , he sacked Chernigov and Pereyaslav. After several days of siege, the Mongols stormed Kiev in December Despite fierce resistance by Danylo of Halych , Batu Khan managed to take the two principal capitals of his land, Halych and Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi.
Ruthenian principalities became vassals of the Mongol Empire. The Cuman refugees took shelter in the Kingdom of Hungary.
For the last time Batu demanded that Bela have the Cumans returned and warned: "It is much easier for the Cumans to escape than it is for you Some modern historians speculate that Batu intended primarily to assure his flanks were safe for the future from possible interference from the Europeans, and partially as a precursor to further conquest.
Most believe he intended the conquest of all Europe, as soon as his flanks were safe and his forces ready. Having devastated the various Rus' principalities, Subutai and Batu sent spies into Poland, Hungary, and as far as Austria in preparation for an attack into the heartland of Europe.
With a clear picture of the European kingdoms, they brilliantly prepared an attack. Batu Khan was the overall leader, but Subutai was the actual commander in the field and as such was present in both the northern and southern campaigns against Rus'.
The Mongols invaded central Europe in three groups. A second crossed the Carpathian Mountains , and a third followed the Danube. The armies swept the plains of Hungary over the summer, and in the spring of they regained impetus and extended their control into Austria and Dalmatia , as well as invading Morava.
While the northern force under Ögedei's son Khadan and Baidar , the son of Chagatai , won the Battle of Legnica , and another army of Güyük or Büri triumphed in Transylvania , Subutai was waiting for another victory over the Magyars , the Croats , and the Templars on the Hungarian plain.
Khadan, Baidar, and Orda went to Hungary, devastating Moravia en route. The Mongols appointed a darughachi in Hungary and minted coins in the name of the Khagan.
The latter only replied that he would make a good falconer, for he understood birds very well. Subutai achieved lasting fame with his victories in Europe, as he had in Eastern Persia.
By late , Batu and Subutai were finalizing plans to invade Austria, Italy, and Germany when the news came of the death of Ögedei Khan, who died in December The Mongols withdrew in late spring of , as the Princes of the blood, and Subutai, were recalled to Karakorum where the kurultai was held.
The Second Bulgarian Empire was forced to acknowledge Batu's supremacy. Batu was a potential Great Khan , but when he failed to gain the title he turned to consolidate his conquests in Asia and the Urals.
Withdrawing from Hungary, Batu made his camps along the banks of the Volga. When the Great Khatun Töregene invited him to elect the next Emperor of the Mongol Empire, Batu announced his inability to attend any immediate kurultai, thus delaying the succession for several years.
Eventually, Güyük was elected Khagan in , with Batu's brothers representing the Jochid lineage. As one of the oldest members of Chingisid Borjigin , Batu became a viceroy over all the western parts of the empire, controlling routine affairs among the Russian princes, nominating Jochid retainers as governors of Iran , and receiving in audience grandees from the Caucasus.
At no point, however, did he openly challenge the authority of the Great Khan. During the absence of Batu, the Mongols who were left behind put to death Mstislav, the prince of Rylsk , in Kievan Rus'.
Yaroslav was well received by Batu, who confirmed him as suzerain over the other Russian princes, and gave him authority of Kiev.
The princes of Suzdal followed Yaroslav's example. Batu sent Yaroslav to the imperial court of Karakorum to assist at the inauguration of Güyük Khan in Plano Carpini , who got approval from Batu to go further, noted that the Great Khan's aunt was executed.
At the same time Yaroslav was poisoned in Mongolia. Batu had commissaries in the various towns where the dependent Russian princes and other princes held their courts.
When Michael of Chernigov , who had murdered the Mongol envoy in Kiev, arrived, the Mongol overseers were engaged in taking a census of the inhabitants for the poll tax.
Michael was ordered to repair to Batu. When summoned before Batu, he was made to pass between two fires and ordered to prostrate himself before the tablets of Genghis Khan.
Michael replied that he did not object to do obeisance to Batu himself but to adore images of a dead man was repugnant.
As he persisted in his refusal, Batu ordered his death. Danylo of Halych summoned to Batu and diplomatically made obeisance to the Mongols.
Batu, addressing him, said "You have for a long time refused to come, but have effaced your ill conduct by your obedience" and saluted him with a draught of airag.
They exchanged hostages whereby families of Keraites were re-settled in Carpathian-Galicia. Suspicion between Batu and Güyük increased, however, and Güyük replaced the officials in Iran and the Caucasus with his own men, including Eljigidei.
Andrey was assigned the throne of Vladimir-Suzdal while Alexander was given southern Russia. When Güyük summoned Batu to appear before him, Batu moved slowly.
Before meeting Batu, Güyük died suddenly. According to William of Rubruck and a Muslim chronicle, one of Batu's brothers murdered or poisoned the Great Khan Güyük and Batu then killed the imperial envoy, though this account is not completely confirmed by other major sources.
An opportunity had arrived for deposing the House of Ögedei from the overlordship of the Mongols, and Batu was determined to avail himself of it.
But Batu seemed to allow Oghul Qaimish to serve as regent. He also suggested unruly princes listen to her words. Batu was much delighted on seeing him.
At last, Batu called a kurultai on his own territory in Members of the Ögedeid and Chagataid families refused to attend the kurultai beyond the Mongolian heartland.
The kurultai offered the throne to Batu Khan who had no interest in promoting himself as the new Grand Khan.
The pro-Tolui faction rose up and supported his choice. Given its limited attendance and location, this kurultai was of questionable validity.
Batu sent Möngke under the protection of his brothers, Berke and Tukhtemur, and his son Sartaq to assemble a formal kurultai at Kodoe Aral in the heartland.
The supporters of Möngke invited Oghul Qaimish and other main Ögedeid and Chagataid princes to attend the kurultai, but they refused each time, demanding descendants of Ögedei must be khan.
In response, Batu accused them of killing his aunt Altalaun and defying Ögedei's nominee, Shiremun. After the assembled throng proclaimed Möngke Great Khan of the Mongol Empire in , he punished the Ögedeid and Chagataid families for the organized plot against him.
Möngke sent Buri to Batu who had him executed by Buri's opponent general. Eljigidei was also ordered to be executed. Batu sent a punitive expedition under Nevrui.
On their approach, Andrey fled to Pskov and thence to Sweden. The Mongols spread over Vladimir and harshly punished the people there.
The Livonian Knights stopped their advance to Novgorod and Pskov on hearing the news about the Mongols.
In Andrey travelled to Sarai to ask pardon for his former infidelity and was shown mercy. During the reign of Möngke, Batu's prestige as kingmaker and viceroy of the great khans in the west reached its height.
Even so, Batu allowed Möngke's census takers to operate freely in his realm. Mongol children learned to ride practically from birth, and wrestling and archery followed shortly thereafter.
These traits, which are still valued in contemporary Mongolian society, helped create the fearsome war machine that Genghis led across the known world.
With this upbringing, Batu was a well-trained horseman and skilled in Mongol warfare by the time he reached adulthood. As the Mongol Empire expanded under Genghis Khan, conquering northern China and all of Central Asia, venturing into the edges of Europe and the Middle East, he laid out appanages for each of his four sons.
Orda acquiesced that Batu should be the primary successor to Jochi, and so Orda took the territory closer to the Mongol homeland while Batu took everything to the west of the Volga.
While Mongol soldiers had ventured beyond the Volga before, little of this territory had been permanently subjected to Mongol rule.
Batu had the potential to rule the largest appanage in the Mongol Empire, but for now, it was just potential. The odds of this potential ever being realized must have seemed unlikely in CE.
According to custom, Genghis had left the bulk of his soldiers to his youngest son, only providing 4, soldiers to each of his other three sons.
Batu was present during these campaigns that ultimately destroyed the Jurchen Jin state in CE. The Mongol juggernaut would not attack just one enemy but would open up fronts across the known world.
Ogedei gave Batu command over the European campaign. Among those gathered was Subutai. Subutai was the true commander of this great campaign west, both due to his enviable command experience, but also because he had already campaigned successfully in Russia back in the days of Genghis Khan.
This raid destroyed the Georgian army and plundered settlements along the Russian steppe. In CE, the Cumans and a host of Russian states combined their armies to finally put a stop to this devastating raid.
Subutai would bring this experience to the campaign, no longer a raid like in CE, but a full-fledged campaign of conquest.
The future Great Khans Guyuk r. Against this concentrated juggernaut of skilled commanders and ferocious horse archers were arranged the divided states of Europe with their peasant levies and knights laded down with heavy mail and body armor.
Tales of the armies that were the scourge of god, that had easily toppled the kings of distant China and Persia, had made their way West, as well as the direct experience of the survivors from the Battle of the Kalka River.
The kings and princes of Europe likely had some idea of the horror that was in store, but in reality, they could not imagine what was to come.
In CE, the Mongol horde crossed the Volga. The Volga Bulgars were defeated within the year, as were the Kipchaks and Alans. With the semi-nomadic peoples out of the way, Christian Europe lay open.
Batu sent envoys demanding alliances from the princes of Russia. When they refused, their cities were besieged for just a few days before they were sacked.
When Yuri II r. The rest of Russia suffered a similar fate, except for Smolensky through tribute and Novgorod due to distance. Later that year, Batu sacked the great city of Kiev, the center of Russian Orthodoxy, and raided through the Crimea.
More Russian cities fell the next year, followed by the powerful city of Halych in CE. While the three-year Russian campaign was impressive, it was nothing compared to what would follow.
The Mongol army was still fresh, intact, and ready for more plunder. In front of them lay the true medieval kingdoms of Europe: knights in armor, crusaders from the Baltic, some of the greatest kingdoms in Europe.
Yet while the militaries of states in Poland, Bohemia, Germany, and Hungary might be stronger, they were fragmented, just like the Russian leaders.
If the Mongol horde had attacked each one at a time, it would be an easy victory. It turned out they did not even need their full strength to accomplish this.
Batu and Subutai had sent spies into Europe to gather information about their next operation. Subutai, ever the master tactician, split the Mongol horde into three units and outlined a three-prong attack not on one enemy, but all of Europe.
However, the first two prongs were merely to draw the attention of Europe while the third and greatest prong would strike against the strongest power in Eastern Europe.
Despite being feints, the first two prongs devastated northeast and southeast Europe. Group one was led by Khadan and Baidar, sons of Ogedei.
Their forces then laid waste to the Polish countryside while also harassing the nearby Bohemian army to keep them from trying to move south.
Group two was led by Guyuk and crossed the Carpathian Mountains into Transylvania, where it defeated the local armies and proceeded to raid the countryside.
Group three, the main brunt of the campaign, was led by Batu and Subutai directly.






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